Aspectos electroclínicos de la epilepsia temporal mesial / Neuropsychological risk in temporal lobe epilepsy

Introducción: La epilepsia del lóbulo temporal mesial se considera la más frecuente de las epilepsias focales, con signos y síntomas característicos que ayudan a definir su diagnóstico. Contenidos: Dentro de su historia natural, las crisis pueden iniciar en los primeros años de vida, usualmente como episodios febriles con un periodo de remisión, para reaparecer en la adolescencia o en el adulto joven. La presentación electroencefalográfica tiene un patrón característico, con aparición de puntas y ondas agudas interictales en la región temporal anterior, por lo general unilaterales, y con actividad ictal generalmente theta en la misma localización. La causa más frecuente es la esclerosis del hipocampo. El tratamiento con medicamentos anticrisis puede controlar la epilepsia, aunque algunos casos pueden evolucionar a la farmacorresistencia, en la cual la cirugía de epilepsia está indicada, y tiene buenos resultados. Conclusiones: Esta revisión se centra en la descripción de las características electroclínicas de la epilepsia temporal mesial, para hacer un diagnóstico temprano e iniciar un tratamiento adecuado, a efectos de lograr un mejor pronóstico y una mejor calidad de vida para los pacientes con epilepsia y sus familiares.

Introduction: Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is considered the most common of the focal epilepsies, with characteristic signs and symptoms that help define its diagnosis. Contents: In the natural history of the disease, seizures can begin in the first years of life, usually as febrile seizures with a period of remission, to reappear in adolescence or in the young adult. The electroencephalographic presentation has a characteristic pattern with the appearance of interictal sharp waves and spikes in the anterior temporal region, usually unilateral, and with generally theta ictal activity in the same location. The most common cause is hippocampal sclerosis. Treatment with antiseizure medication can control epilepsy. However, in some cases evolution of drug resistance can occur, leading to epilepsy surgery as the most appropriate treatment, based on its good results. Conclusions: This review focuses on the description of the electroclinical characteristics of temporal mesial epilepsy, in order to make an early diagnosis and adequate treatment, thus providing a better prognosis and quality of life for patients with epilepsy and their families.

Application of oblique lateral interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in patients with Modic change and endplate sclerosis / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of Stand-alone oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration with Modic changes and endplate sclerosis.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed on 16 cases with lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration with Modic changes and endplate sclerosis admitted to three medical centers from January 2015 to December 2018. There were 6 males and 10 females, the age ranged from 45 to 67 years old with an average of (55.48±8.07) years old, the medical history ranged from 36 to 240 months with an average of (82.40±47.68) months. The lesion sites included L2,3 in 2 cases, L3,4 in 5 cases, and L4,5 in 9 cases. All patients presented with chronic low back pain with lower limb neurological symptoms in 3 cases. All patients were treated by Stand-alone oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion. Clinical and radiological findings and complications were observed.@*RESULTS@#There was no vascular injury, endplate injury and vertebral fracture during the operation. The mean incision length, operation time, and intraoperative blood loss were(4.06±0.42) cm, (45.12±5.43) min, (33.40±7.29) ml, respectively. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) of the incision pain was (1.14±0.47) at 72 hours after operation. There was no incision skin necrosis, poor incision healing or infection in patients. Sympathetic chain injury occurred in 1 case, anterolateral pain and numbness of the left thigh in 2 cases, and weakness of the left iliopsoas muscle in 1 case, all of which were transient injuries with a complication rate of 25%(4/16). All 16 patients were followed up from 12 to 36 months with an average of (20.80±5.46) months. The intervertebral space height was significantly recovered after operation, with slight lost during the follow-up. Coronal and sagittal balance of the lumbar spine showed good improvement at the final follow-up. There was no obvious subsidence or displacement of the cage, and the interbody fusion was obtained. At the final follow-up, Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA) score and Oswestry disability index(ODI) were significantly improved.@*CONCLUSION@#As long as the selection of case is strict enough and the preoperative examination is sufficients, the use of Stand-alone OLIF in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration with Modic changes and endplate sclerosis has a good results, with obvious clinical advantages and is a better surgical choice.

Inducible co-stimulatory molecules participate in mesenteric vascular endothelial-mesenchymal transition and sclerosis of mesenteric vessels in spontaneously hypertensive rats / 南方医科大学学报

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the correlation of inducible co-stimulatory molecules (ICOS) with mesenteric vascular endothelial- mesenchymal transition (EndMT) and sclerosis in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).@*METHODS@#Twenty 4-week-old WKY rats and 20 SHRs of the same strain were both randomly divided into 4 groups for observation at 4, 6, 10 and 30 weeks of age. ICOS expression frequency in rat spleen CD4+T cells was analyzed using flow cytometry, and the expressions of ICOS, VE-cad, α-SMA and Col3 mRNA in rat mesentery were detected by RT-PCR. The distributions of ICOS, IL-17A and TGF-β in rat mesentery were detected by immunohistochemistry. The levels of IL-17A and TGF-β in rat plasma were measured using ELISA. The morphological changes of rat mesenteric vessels were observed with Masson staining. Spearman or Pearson correlation analyses were used to evaluate the correlation between ICOS expression and the expressions of the markers of vascular EndMT and sclerosis.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the control WKY rats, the SHRs began to show significantly increased systolic blood pressure and ICOS expression frequency on CD4+T cells at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05). In the SHRs, the mRNA and protein expressions of ICOS, α-SMA, Col3, IL-17A and TGF-β in the mesentery were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), while the mRNA and protein expressions of VE-cad started to reduce significantly at 10 weeks of age (P < 0.05). The plasma levels of IL-17A and TGF-β were significantly increased in SHRs since 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) with progressive worsening of mesenteric vascular sclerosis (P < 0.05). ICOS mRNA and protein expression levels in the mesenteric tissues of SHRs began to show positive correlations with α-SMA and Col3 expression levels and the severity of vascular sclerosis at 6 weeks of age (P < 0.05) and a negative correlation with VE-cad expression level at 10 weeks (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#ICOS play an important pathogenic role in EndMT and sclerosis of mesenteric vessels in essential hypertension by mediating related immune responses.

SARS-Cov-2 infection and severe proximal myopathy secondary to dermatomyositis and overlap systemic sclerosis: A Case Report from Zambia

Background: Myositis has been reported to be associated or triggered by viruses. Genetic and environmental factors are documented risk for myopathies. Viruses have also been shown to modify the clinical course of auto-immune diseases. We therefore report a case of SARS-Cov-2 infection in a 26-year-old female black Zambian patient with proximal myopathy. Case Presentation: We present the case of a 26-yearold chemical factory worker with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-cov-2) infection and proximal myopathy. She presented to a local private hospital with fever, weakness and flu-like symptoms after being exposed to a colleague diagnosed with SARS-cov-2 infection at the time Zambia declared the July 2021 third wave of SARS-cov-2pandemic. She also reported difficulties in climbing stairs, had Raynaud's phenomenon, proximal myopathy, classic dermatomyositis features, symptoms of systemic sclerosis, raised creatine phosphokinase (CPK), and a positive nasopharyngeal PCR test for SARS-Cov-2 infection. Conclusions: We presented, for the first time in Zambia, the case of a patient with SARS-Cov-2 infection and severe proximal myopathy secondary to newly diagnosed dermatomyositis and overlap systemic sclerosis. The myopathy appeared to have been worsened by SARS-Cov-2 viral infection.

Short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention for pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To evaluate the short-term efficacy and perioperative safety of catheter-based intervention in patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis (FM). Methods: It was a case series study. Consecutive patients with pulmonary vein stenosis caused by FM, who underwent percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty in Gansu Provincial Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020, were retrospective enrolled. The baseline characteristics, comorbidities, exercise capacity and hemodynamic data before and after treatment were compared, and the procedural related complications were evaluated. Results: A total of 30 patients ((64.3±7.1) years, 15 males) were included. Sixty-three pulmonary vein stenosis were treated by 32 percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty procedures. Forty-four stents were implanted in 41 pulmonary veins after balloon angioplasty, and the diameter of implanted stents was (8.3±1.2)mm. Balloon angioplasty was performed on 22 pulmonary vein stenosis, the mean balloon diameter was (4.2±2.1)mm. The pulmonary vein diameter increased from (2.6±1.3) to (6.6±2.6) mm (P<0.001) and the pressure gradient across the pulmonary vein stenotic segment reduced from 19 (12, 29) to 2 (0, 4) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) (P<0.001) immediately post procedure. The pulmonary vein flow grade was significantly improved compared with baseline (P<0.001). The most common operation related complications were lung injury (44.0% (11/25)) and hemoptysis (18.8% (6/32)), which did not need special treatment. During the 2.0 (1.3, 3.2) months follow-up, the WHO functional class was significantly improved (P<0.05), the 6-minute walking distance increased from (254.8±114.5) m to (342.8±72.4)m (P<0.05), the mean pulmonary arterial pressure decreased from (40.9±8.3) mmHg to (35.4±7.7) mmHg (P<0.01), 17 out of 19 patients with refractory pleural effusion experienced total remission during the follow-up period (P<0.001). CT pulmonary venography was repeated in 17 patients. The incidence of in-stent restenosis of pulmonary vein was 24.0% (6/25). Conclusions: Percutaneous pulmonary vein angioplasty is effective for the treatment of pulmonary vein stenosis caused by fibrosing mediastinitis. However, it's not so safe, procedural related complication should be paid attention to and the rate of in-stent restenosis is relative high during the short-term follow-up.

Pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of nodular sclerosis grade 2 of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To investigate the pathological characteristics and clinical prognosis of nodular sclerosis grade 2 of classic Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL-NS2) in our cancer center. Methods: A retrospective collection of 23 cases of cHL-NS2 admitted in Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College from July 2008 to April 2019 was performed. Fifty-five cases of nodular sclerosis grade 1 of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL-NS1) during the same period were selected as control group. Survival curves were plotted using the Kaplan-Meier method, and Cox regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for survival. Results: The median age of 23 cases of cHL-NS2 was 30 years old. Five cases had extra nodal invasion, and 19 cases were Ⅰ-Ⅱ stage based on Ann Arbor system. The pathological morphology of cHL-NS2 showed that the lymph node structure was completely destroyed and was divided into nodules by thick collagen. The tumor cells in the nodules were abundant and proliferated in sheets. The boundaries between the tumor cells were not clear. The incidence of tumor necrosis in cHL-NS2 was 43.5% (10/23), which was significantly higher than 18.2% (10/55) in cHL-NS1 (P=0.040). The 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate of patients in the cHL-NS2 group was 58.1%, which was significantly lower than 89.7% in the cHL-NS1 group (P=0.002). In all of 78 cases, the 3-year PFS rate of patients who did not obtain complete response (CR) was 67.1%, which was significantly lower than 92.2% in patients who achieved CR (P=0.030). Multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that both cHL-NS2 and failure to obtain CR by first-line treatment were independent indicators for short PFS time (P<0.05). Conclusions: In cHL-NS2, the morphology of tumor cells are diverse, and tumor necrosis can be easily found. Under the current first-line treatments of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) or bleomycin, etoposide, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, procarbazine, and prednisone (BEACOPP), cHL-NS2 is an independent indicator for worse PFS.

A child with diffuse mesangial sclerosis caused by a missense mutation of TRPC6 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the genetic etiology and clinical outcome of a child with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and diffuse mesangial sclerosis.@*METHODS@#Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes of the proband and his parents. Targeted capture - next generation sequencing and Sanger sequencing were carried out. Candidate variant was verified by segregation analysis in his family.@*RESULTS@#A heterozygous missense variant of the TRPC6 gene, namely c.325G>A (p.Gly109Ser), was detected in the proband. The same variant was not detected in either parent. According to the guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants developed by American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, the variant was predicted as pathogenic.@*CONCLUSION@#The missense variant of the TRPC6 gene probably underlay the diffuse mesangial sclerosis in this patient. Above finding has expanded the phenotypic spectrum of the TRPC6 gene.

Características histopatológicas, clínicas e epidemiológicas da esclerose hepatoportal em um centro de referência para doenças do fígado no Nordeste do Brasil / Histopathological, clinical and epidemiological features of hepatoportal sclerosis in a referral center for liver disease in northeastern brazil

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Hepatoportal sclerosis HPS or obliterative portal venopathy (OPV), one of the differential diagnoses for non-cirrohtic portal hypertension, is characterized by the disappearance of the portal branches, portal and septal fibrosis, perisinusoidal fibrosis and regenerative nodular hyperplasia (RNH). It is a spectral disease that may progress to severe portal hypertension. Its etiopathogenesis is still little understood, especially in Brazil, it has been probably misdiagnosed due to its histopatological similarities with the hepatosplenic form of schistosomiasis. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of patients with HPS in Northeastern Brazil and to demonstrate the pathological characteristics of HPS. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed cases of OPV in liver biopsies and explants from a referral center for liver in Bahia - Brazil. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of the portal tracts and liver parenchyma was made so that comparisons could be done among the HPS findings of our population and the findings described by other authors. RESULTS: From the 62 patients identified with HPS, 42% were male, while 58% were female. The average age at diagnosis was 48.3 years. From this group, we analyzed the liver biopsy of 10 patients whose diagnosis of schistosomiasis could be ruled out. From these 100% (10/10) presented dense portal fibrosis and portal venous obliteration. Liver parenchymal atrophy was present in 60% (6/10) of the patients, sinusoidal dilation was present in 30% (3/10), the presence of portal septa occurred in 50% (5/10) and dense portal fibrosis in all patients analyzed. Nodular regenerative hyperplasia was found in 30% (3/10) of the patients. CONCLUSION: HPS seems to be neglected and misdiagnosed in Brazil, due to its similarities with schistossomiasis. In our study dense portal fibrosis, obliteration of the portal vein branches, parenchymal atrophy, sinusoidal dilatation and parenchymal nodular hyperplasia were the main histopathological findings and were similar to that described in other countries.

RESUMO CONTEXTO: Esclerose hepatoportal EHP ou venopatia portal obliterativa VPO, um dos diagnósticos diferenciais para a hipertensão portal não cirrótica, é caracterizada pelo desaparecimento dos ramos portais, fibrose portal e septal, fibrose sinusoidal e hiperplasia nodular regenerativa HNR. A EHP é um doença espectral, que pode progredir para hipertensão portal severa. Sua etiopatologia é ainda pouco compreendida, especialmente no Brasil, onde ela é provavelmente subdiagnoticada devido as suas similaridades com a forma hepatoesplênica da esquistossomose. OBJETIVO: Analizar o perfil dos pacientes com EHP no Nordeste do Brasil, e demontrar as características patológicas da EHP. MÉTODOS: Analisamos restrospectivamente os casos de VPO em biópsias hepáticas e explantes de um centro de referência em fígado na Bahia, Brasil. A análise qualiquantitativa dos tratos portais e parênquima hepático foi realizada, permitindo a comparação entre os nossos paciente e os achados descritos por outros autores. RESULTADOS: Entre os 62 paciente identificados com EHP, 42% era do sexo masculino, 58% era do sexo feminino. A média de idade no diagnótico foi 48,3 anos. Desse grupo, analizamos a biópsia hepática de 10 pacientes nos quais o diagnóstico de esquistossomose pode ser excluído. Desses pacientes, 100% 10/10 se apresentou com fibrose portal densa e obliteração venosa portal. Atrofia do perênquima hepático estava presente em 60% 6/10 dos pacientes, dilatação sinusiodal em 30% 3/10 a presença de septos portais ocorreu em 50% 5/10 e fibrose portal densa foi achada em todos os pacientes. Hiperplasia nodular regenerativa foi encontrada em 30% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A EHP parece ser negligenciada e subdiagnosticada no Brasil, devido as suas similaridades com esquistossomose. Em nosso estudo, fibrose portal densa, obliteração dos ramos da veia porta, atrofia do parênquima, dilatação sinusoidal e hiperplasia nodular do parênquima foram os principais achados histopatológicos e foram semelhantes aos descritos em outros países.

Síndrome de piel indurada en un paciente pediátrico: un desafío terapéutico. Presentación de un caso / Stiff skin syndrome in a pediatric patient: a therapeutic challenge. Clinical case

El síndrome de la piel indurada es un trastorno esclerosante crónico, infrecuente, que se presenta en la infancia, caracterizado por la induración progresiva de la piel. Esta afección puede provocar restricciones torácicas y dificultad respiratoria, limitaciones en la movilidad articular y trastornos en la marcha, con importante deterioro de la calidad de vida. Debido a que sus opciones terapéuticas son escasas y poco eficaces, es fundamental que el paciente inicie precozmente una terapia física para prevenir estas complicaciones y que se continúe estudiando esta enfermedad a fin de poder ofrecer a los pacientes más y mejores tratamientos. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 9 años con síndrome de la piel indurada y su desafío terapéutico.

Stiff skin syndrome is a chronic, rare sclerosing disorder that occurs in childhood, characterized by progressive induration of the skin that can cause thoracic restrictions and respiratory distress, limitations in joint mobility and gait difficulties, with significant deterioration of the quality of life. Because their therapeutic options are scarce and ineffective it is essential to start an early physical therapy to prevent these complications and to continue studying this condition to be able to offer patients more and better treatments. We present the case of a 9-year-old patient with indurated skin syndrome and its therapeutic challenge.

An intensive education program for caregivers ameliorates anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis who underwent cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy

This study aimed to investigate the effect of a caregiver intensive education program (CIEP) on anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) in patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis (TLE-MTS) who underwent cortico-amygdalohippocampectomy (CAH). Ninety patients with drug-resistant TLE-MTS who underwent CAH and their caregivers were recruited and randomly allocated to the CIEP group or control group as 1:1 ratio. Caregivers received the CIEP program or routine guidance/education (control group). Anxiety/depression and QOL in patients at month (M)0, M1, M3, and M6 were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scale and the QOL in Epilepsy Inventory-31 (QOLIE-31), respectively. Treatment efficacy at M6 was assessed by Engel classification. The HADS-anxiety score at M3 (P=0.049) and M6 (P=0.028), HADS-anxiety score change (M6-M0) (P=0.001), percentage of anxiety patients at M6 (P=0.025), and anxiety severity at M6 (P=0.011) were all decreased in the CIEP group compared with the control group. The HADS-depression score at M6 (P=0.033) and HADS-depression score change (M6-M0) (P=0.022) were reduced, while percentage of depression patients at M6 (P=0.099) and depression severity at M6 (P=0.553) showed no difference in the CIEP group compared with the control group. The QOLIE-31 score at M6 (P=0.043) and QOLIE-31 score change (M6-M0) (P=0.010) were both elevated in the CIEP group compared with the control group. In conclusion, CIEP for caregivers contributed to the recovery of anxiety and depression as well as the improvement of QOL in patients with drug-resistant TLE-MTS who underwent CAH.

Complejo de esclerosis tuberosa: perfil neuropsicológico y propuesta de intervención / Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: neuropsychological profile and intervention proposal

El Complejo de Esclerosis Tuberosa (CET) es un trastorno genético de heren-cia autosómica dominante causado por la mutación en uno de los genes TSC1 o TSC2. Los pacientes con una afectación CET grave de tipo neurológica posible-mente presentarán epilepsia, discapacidad intelectual, problemas específicos del aprendizaje y trastornos de la conducta, por lo que la evaluación neuropsicológica en individuos con esta patología cobra un carácter importante al proporcionar información sobre los déficits cognitivos que subyacen en la afectación cerebral, que alteran el funcionamiento intelectual y los aspectos adaptativos. El actual tra-bajo presenta el perfil de una paciente adulta femenina con antecedente de CET, epilepsia y discapacidad intelectual, así como la descripción de una propuesta de intervención neuropsicológica basada en el funcionamiento ejecutivo dorsolateral.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant inherited genetic disorder caused by mutation in one of the TSC1 or TSC2 genes. Patients with severe neurological-type CET involvement may have epilepsy, intellectual disability, specific learning problems, and behavioral disorders. For this reason, the neuropsychological evaluation in individuals with this pathology becomes an important character by providing information on the cognitive deficits that underlie brain involvement that alter intellectual functioning and adaptive aspects. The current work presents the cognitive profile of a female adult patient with a history of TSC, epilepsy and intellectual disability and the description of a proposed neuropsychological intervention based on dorsolateral executive functioning.

Le point sur l'ostéite condensante focale mandibulaire chez l'adolescent

Dans le cadre d'une exploration radiographique de routine au niveau des maxillaires ou lors d'un bilan orthodontique, il est fort probable de découvrir fortuitement chez l'adolescent des zones d'ostéosclérose asymptomatiques, qui se situent le plus souvent à proximité des apex des dents avoisinantes. Ces zones d'ostéosclérose se présentent sous la forme de foyers radio-opaques localisés et clairement délimités, à croissance non expansive et de forme elliptique ou irrégulière. Parmi ces lésions radio-opaques, on note l'ostéite condensante focale qui est associée à des processus pathologiques inflammatoires ou infectieux, souvent en regard des apex des molaires permanentes mandibulaires. L'objectif de notre travail est de mettre le point sur cette entité pathologique afin d'aider le praticien à l'identifier et à la différencier des autres lésions radio-opaques des maxillaires, ainsi que de pouvoir réaliser une prise en charge précoce et correcte de cette lésion

A case of encapsulated peritoneal sclerosis after peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but severe complication of peritoneal dialysis. A total of 50% of the patients died within 12 months after being diagnosed. There are no obvious clinical symptoms in the early stage of EPS, which is easy to be missed. And there are few case reports of EPS in early stage. On December 22, 2018, a 70-year-old male patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis for 17 months, who was diagnosed as EPS, was admitted to the Department of Nephrology, the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. The patient's peritoneal dialysis catheter was obstructed after peritonitis. The peritoneal dialysis fluid couldn't be drain in and out of the abdominal cavity. Therefore, the laparoscopy was performed to repair the catheter. The operation in progress showed that the peritoneum was slightly thickened and the ileocecal intestinal tube was closely adhered to the parietal peritoneum where the catheter was wrapped, indicating the early stage of EPS. Peritoneal relaxation was performed. The patient's catheter was normal after adhesiolysis. He underwent hemodialysis, nutritional supporting as well as peritoneal dialysis transition, etc. The peritonitis was controlled after 10 days and the peritoneal dialysis was resumed. After discharge from hospital, the patient took moxifloxacin for 2 more weeks. We followed up the patient for 6 months. The automated peritoneal dialysis is maintained, and everything remains normal. Clinicians need to improve understanding of EPS. Early diagnosis and laparoscopic adhesiolysis is helpful to continue peritoneal dialysis treatment.

Peritonitis esclerosante primaria y secundaria: estudio comparativo / Primary and secondary sclerosing peritonitis: comparative study

Resumen Introducción: Existen dos tipos de peritonitis esclerosante (PE): primaria o idiopática y secundaria, generalmente a diálisis peritoneal (DP), y con menor frecuencia a otras patologías abdominales o sistémicas. Su mortalidad es alta. Objetivo: Comparar las características clínicas, estudios diagnósticos y tratamiento de pacientes con Peritonitis Esclerosante Primaria y Secundaria, definir si existen diferencias y determinar los principales elementos clínicos e imagenológicos que permitan hacer un diagnóstico precoz y mejorar los resultados terapéuticos. Material y Métodos: Se analizan 18 casos de PE diagnosticados en nuestro hospital, entre los años 2001-2014. Incluye una serie retrospectiva de 15 casos de PE secundaria (13 por diálisis peritoneal y 2 por cirrosis hepática). Se compara con un estudio prospectivo que incluye 3 pacientes con PE primaria. Resultados: Las principales diferencias se evidencian en la presentación clínica: PE primaria: se presenta con cuadro de obstrucción intestinal y baja de peso de distinta magnitud. PE secundaria: predominan el dolor abdominal, peritonitis recurrente y la falla de ultrafiltración. La tomografía computada de abdomen es útil, sobre todo cuando hay obstrucción intestinal. Ha hecho posible el diagnóstico preoperatorio. Conclusiones: Se requiere un alto índice de sospecha para el diagnóstico precoz de PE, sobre todo para la forma primaria. Debe sospecharse en todo paciente con dolor abdominal, vómitos recurrentes y baja de peso de cualquier magnitud; y en aquellos en diálisis peritoneal durante 5 años o más, que presenten dolor abdominal y/o peritonitis recurrente y/o falla de ultrafiltración.

Introduction: There are two types of sclerosing peritonitis (SP): primary or idiopathic and secondary, generally to peritoneal dialysis, and less frequently, to other abdominal or systemic pathologies. Mortality related to this is high. Objective: To compare the clinical feature, diagnostic studies and treatment of patients with Primary and Secondary Sclerosing Peritonitis, to define whether there are any differences and to establish the main clinical and imaging elements allowing for an early diagnosis and improving the therapeutic results. Material and Methods: An analysis of 18 SP cases diagnosed at our hospital between 2001-2014 was carried out. This includes a retrospective series of 15 cases of secondary SP (13 to peritoneal dialysis and 2 to liver cirrhosis). This is compared against a prospective study that includes 3 patients with primary SP. Results: The main differences became evident in the clinical presentation: Primary SP: occurs in an intestinal obstruction and a loss of weight scenario of varying degrees. Secondary SP: abdominal pain and recurrent peritonitis as well as ultrafiltration failure prevail. CT of the abdomen has proven to be useful, in particular in those cases where there is intestinal obstruction. It has made preoperative diagnostic possible. Conclusions: A high degree of suspicion is required for an SP early diagnosis, especially for the primary form. All patients presenting abdominal pain, recurrent vomiting and any degree of weight loss and those with five or more years of peritoneal dialysis presenting abdominal pain and/or recurrent peritonitis and/or ultrafiltration failure should raise a diagnosis suspicion.

Ressecção cirúrgica de calcinose sintomática em paciente com esclerose sistêmica / Surgical resection of symptomatic calcinosis in a patient with systemic sclerosis

Introdução: A esclerose sistêmica é uma doença rara, autoimune, com evolução progressiva, que afeta os tecidos conectivos e órgãos internos por inflamação, podendo causar calcinose de subcutâneo. Podem evoluir para quadros dolorosos e incapacitantes, podendo tornar-se infectados, principalmente quando ulceram pela pele. Objetivo: Apresentar caso de calcinose em região inguinal e sua evolução cirúrgica. Relato de Caso: Paciente feminina portadora de calcinoses em região inguinal bilateral, apresentando algia moderada/grave com falha de tratamento clínico. Realizada ressecção cirúrgica das calcinoses, que formavam cordões de fibrose com aderência na fáscia do músculo oblíquo externo. Realizado fechamento primário com nylon 2.0 pontos simples subdérmicos e ponto intradérmico continuo nylon 3.0 para fechamento estético e menor reação inflamatória. Boa evolução pós- operatório. Conclusão: O melhor tratamento da calcinoses ainda não é claro. O tratamento das complicações se torna essencial para reduzir a morbidade e aumentar a qualidade de vida do paciente.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis is a rare, autoimmune, progressive disease that affects connective tissues and internal organs by inflammation, which can cause calcinosis cutis. It can progress to painful and disabling conditions, and can become infected, especially when skin ulceration is present. Objective: To present a case of calcinosis in the inguinal region and its surgical recovery. Case Report: A female patient with calcinosis in the bilateral inguinal region presenting with moderate/severe pain had a failed clinical treatment. We performed surgical resection of the calcinosis cutis, which had formed clusters of fibrosis with adhesion to the fascia of the external oblique muscle. We used simple nylon 2.0 sutures along the subdermal plane to perform primary closure and continuous nylon 3.0 sutures along the intradermal plane for aesthetic closure and minimal inflammatory reaction. Her postoperative recovery was positive. Conclusion: The best treatment for calcinosis cutis is still unclear. Treating complications becomes essential for reducing patients' morbidity and increasing their quality of life.

Sclerosing mediastinitis causing unilateral pulmonary edema due to left atrial and pulmonary venous compression. a case report and literature review

Abstract Sclerosing mediastinitis (SM), previously named chronic fibrosing mediastinitis, is an inflammatory process that in its end-stage results to sclerosis around the mediastinal structures. SM is quite rare and has been correlated with inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, as well as malignancy. SM may either present in a mild form, with minor symptoms and a benign course or in a more aggressive form with severe pulmonary hypertension and subsequent higher morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of SM may be difficult and quite challenging, as symptoms depend on the mediastinal structure that is mainly involved; quite often the superior vena cava. However, practically any mediastinal structure may be involved by the fibrotic process, such as the central airways, as well as the pulmonary arteries and veins, leading to obstruction or total occlusion. The latter may be impossible to undergo proper surgical excision of the lesion, and is considered to be a real challenge to the surgeon. We herein report a case of SM that presented with arterial and venous compression. The imaging appearance was that of unilateral pulmonary edema, associated with lung collapse. The case is supplemented by a non-systematic review of the relevant literature.

Immunoglobulin G4 Unrelated Idiopathic Mesenteric Sclerosis / 대한소화기학회지

Sclerosing mesenteritis is a rare benign disease with a prevalence of 0.16–3.4% and is characterized by chronic nonspecific inflammation and extensive fibrosis in the adipose tissue of the mesentery although the exact pathogenesis is still elusive. A 65-year-old woman was referred with suspicion of an abdominal mass and biliary stones on abdominal ultrasonography and CT. Bile duct stones were confirmed by endoscopic ultrasonography and successfully treated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with stone removal. Furthermore, a 4.7 cm conglomerated mass on small intestinal mesentery was suspected as sclerosing mesenteritis based on the features on abdominal MRI. However, because it could not be differentiated from malignancy without histologic examination, laparoscopic excisional biopsy was performed; it showed only inflammatory cells with extensive fibrosis. Therefore, the abdominal mass was confirmed as sclerosing fibrosis and the patient was followed-up without any treatments because no mass-related symptoms accompanied the findings. Six months later, abdominal CT showed no significant change in the mass. Herein, we report a rare case of incidentally found idiopathic sclerosing mesenteritis.

Errance diagnostique des épilepsies symptomatiques en Afrique : Cas de la sclérose mésio-temporale chez une fille gabonaise

Nous rapportons le cas d'une fille gabonaise, âgé de 12 ans, sans antécédent particulier, ayant présenté une sclérose mésio-temporale droite dans les suites de crise épileptique plusieurs épisodes non contrôlées par les antiépileptiques. Cas clinique : Hospitalisée en neurologie au centre hospitalier universitaire(CHU) de Libreville, pour crise épileptique partielle à type de mouvements stéréotypés et répétitifs de mâchonnements et parfois de crise tonicoclonique généralisée, avec morsure latérale de la langue, perte d'urine et amnésie postcritique. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique(IRM) cérébrale en coupe coronale était constituée d'un hypersignal en T2 et T2 FLAIR de la région hippocampique droite témoignant une sclérose mésio-temporale droite. L'électro-encéphalogramme(EEG) était constitué de grapho éléments en fronto-pariétale bilatérale et en temporale droite. Le diagnostic d'épilepsie sur sclérose mésio-temporale était retenu en tenant compte d'un faisceau d'arguments cliniques et paracliniques. Mise sous Lamotrigine et phénobarbital après trois (3) semaines de traitement, l'évolution était stationnaire marquée par la persistance des crises épileptiques. Conclusion : La sclérose mésio-temporale est une cause sous-estimée d'épilepsie temporale chez l'enfant. Notre observation souligne le fait qu'elle est rare dans les hospitalisations de neurologie et qu'il s'agit d'une épilepsie pharmaco-résistante

A Primer on Magnetic Resonance-Guided Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy for Medically Refractory Epilepsy

Epilepsy surgery that eliminates the epileptogenic focus or disconnects the epileptic network has the potential to significantly improve seizure control in patients with medically intractable epilepsy. Magnetic resonance-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (MRgLITT) has been an established option for epilepsy surgery since the US Food and Drug Administration cleared the use of MRgLITT in neurosurgery in 2007. MRgLITT is an ablative stereotactic procedure utilizing heat that is converted from laser energy, and the temperature of the tissue is monitored in real-time by MR thermography. Real-time quantitative thermal monitoring enables titration of laser energy for cellular injury, and it also estimates the extent of tissue damage. MRgLITT is applicable for lesion ablation in cases that the epileptogenic foci are localized and/or deep-seated such as in the mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hypothalamic hamartoma. Seizure-free outcomes after MRgLITT are comparable to those of open surgery in well-selected patients such as those with mesial temporal sclerosis. Particularly in patients with hypothalamic hamartoma. In addition, MRgLITT can also be applied to ablate multiple discrete lesions of focal cortical dysplasia and tuberous sclerosis complex without the need for multiple craniotomies, as well as disconnection surgery such as corpus callosotomy. Careful planning of the target, the optimal trajectory of the laser probe, and the appropriate parameters for energy delivery are paramount to improve the seizure outcome and to reduce the complication caused by the thermal damage to the surrounding critical structures.